Publications & Media

PUBLICATIONS

1. Nowacki A, Kebede S, Thompson M, McKnight A, Azazh A, Ritchie LM. The Addis Ababa toxicology curriculum project: educational needs assessment for the toxicology modules of an emergency medicine training program. International Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2024 Oct 2;17(1):131.
2. Hunchak C, Battison AW, Oyedokun T, Stempien J, Landes M, Khatib N, Desouza K, Pritchard J, Erak M, Chun S, Bartels S. Supporting global emergency medicine practice for Canadian physicians: models to foster academic productivity and build collaborative communities of practice. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2024 Sep;26(9):612-8.
3. Hodwitz K, Ginocchio GF, Fedorovsky T, Girdler H, Bossin B, Juando-Prats C, Dell E, Somers A, Hulme J. Healthcare workers’ perspectives on a prescription phone program to meet the health equity needs of patients in the emergency department: a qualitative study. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2024 Aug;26(8):570-81.
4. Kent JT, Puchalski Ritchie LM, Klaiman M, Dell EM, Garnett M, Landes M, Ginocchio GF, Alsefaou A. Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of rapid HIV testing in Canadian Emergency Departments: a mixed methods study. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2024 Jul;26(7):463-71.
5. El-Baba M, Kent J, Bogoch II, Vose K, Hulme J, Landes M. Rapid HIV testing in emergency departments: a paradigm shift. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2024 Jan;26(1):7-9.

PRESENTATIONS

1. Schmidt M. HIV Testing in Emergency Departments, The FAST-HIV Project and Provincial Expansion. OHTN Toronto To Zero Ambassador Table Meeting. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. October 24, 2024. (Oral Presentation)
2. Hulme J, Schmidt M. HIV Testing in Emergency Departments, The FAST-HIV Project. Today’s Clinical Lab Digital Forum, Blood & Chemistry. Global Virtual Presentation. September 26, 2024. (Oral Presentation)
3. Deutscher J, Alavian S, Getachew M, Bryan J, Debebe F. Rethinking global health: why every department needs a global health network. Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Conference. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. June 2024. (Panel Presentation)

MEDIA & BLOGS

1. Global EM 7 Global Emergency Medicine Partnerships. EM Cases Blog. Dec 2024.
2. Alavian S. Global EM 6 Palliative Care in Low-Resource Settings: Challenges and Solutions. EM Cases Blog. November 2024.
3. Deep Roots and Strong Branches: Building the Primary Care Workforce in Ghana. DFCM News. Feb 2024.

PUBLICATIONS

1. Tadesse AZ, Abicho TB, Alemu DM, Aspler A. Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) utilization and barriers by senior emergency medicine and critical care residents at two teaching referral hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Emergency Medicine International. 2023;2023(1):7584670.
2. Duffy J, Slutzman JE, Thiel CL, Landes M. Sustainable purchasing practices: a comparison of single-use and reusable pulse oximeters in the emergency department. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2023 Sep 25;24(6):1034.

PRESENTATIONS

1. Landes M, Hulme J, Bogoch I, Brinc D, Vose K, McKnight A, Mazzuli, T. Closing the gap in access to HIV testing: Implementation and outcomes of a protocol for rapid HIV testing in the Emergency Department. Innovation Fund Showcase 2023. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. November 8, 2023. (Poster Presentation) https://ifpoc.org/2023tech8/
2. Alavian S, Cheung E, Debebe F, Landes M, Maskalyk J, Stefan A, Wytsma J. Emergency Medicine for All: 15 Years of Emergency Medicine in Ethiopia and the TAAAC-EM Partnership. Grand Rounds, Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. November 7, 2023. (Oral Presentation)
3. Beza L, Girdler H, Kaufman A. Emergency Medicine Continuing Professional Development from the Ground up: A Co-Creation Approach. Richard K Reznick Research Week, The Wilson Centre, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. October 2023. (Oral Presentation)
4. Landes M, Hulme J. FAST-HIV: Feasible, Accessible, Standard Testing for HIV in the Emergency Department. DFCM City-Wide Research Rounds, University of Toronto. Virtual. September 21, 2023. (Oral Presentation)
5. Lazor J, Kent-Rice J, Ginnocchio GF, Dell E, Klaiman M, Puchalski Ritchie LM, Garnett M, Landes M, Hulme J, McKnight A, Fremes E, Girdler H. Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of point of care testing for HIV in the emergency department: A mixed-methods study. Northern Health Research Conference (NHRC). Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. June 1-2, 2023. (Poster Presentation with recorded voice over by Janelle Lazor, medical student, NOSM)
6. Nowacki A, Kebede S, Thompson M, McKnight A, Azazh A, Puchalski Ritchie LM. An educational needs assessment for the toxicology modules of an emergency medicine training program at Addis Ababa University. Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Conference. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. May 2023. (Poster Presentation)
7. Rao S, Siu C, Hayman K, Hulme J, Alamgir A, Ledwos C, Gajaria A. Exploring the perspectives of non-insured individuals utilizing emergency departments in Toronto. Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Conference. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. May 2023. (Poster Presentation)
8. Landes M, Hulme J, Bogoch I, Brinc D, Vose K, McKnight A, Mazzuli T. Closing the gap in access to HIV testing: Implementation and outcomes of a protocol for rapid HIV testing in the Emergency Department. Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Conference. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. May 2023. (Poster Presentation)
9. Xie E, Khangura JK, Koh J, Orkin A, Sheikh H, Hayman K, Gupta S, Kumar T, Hulme J, Mrochuk M, Dong K. Treating homelessness as an emergency: innovations and excellence in ED care. Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Conference. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. May 2023. (Oral Presentation)
10. Abicho T, Bryan J, Cheung E, Aspler A, Girdler H, Nowacki A, Fremes E. Collaborations in advancing EM beyond boundaries. Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Conference. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. May 2023. (Workshop Presentation)
11. Madu G, Saluja R, Hulme J, Hayman K. Impact of Peer Support Workers on security activations in the emergency department: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis. Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Conference. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. May 2023. (Poster Presentation)
12. Fedorovsky T, Ginocchio GF, Janes K, Hulme J, Somers A, Dell E. Prescribing cellular phones in the emergency department to address digital health inequities and improve access to healthcare. Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Conference. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. May 2023. (Poster Presentation)
13. Landes M, Slomovic B, Stern E, Aiken K. Exposures: Exploring visual arts on the frontlines of a pandemic. Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Conference. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. May 2023. (Panel Presentation)
14. Douglas-Vail M, Aspler A, Stefan A, Patel H, Beyene T. An overview of global health and humanitarian POCUS - lessons from the field. Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Conference. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. May 2023. (Oral Presentation)
15. Landes M, Hulme J, Garnett M, Vose, K. HIV testing in the ED: Why testing matters to save lives. Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Conference. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. May 2023. (Panel Presentation)
16. Kent-Rice J, Lazor J, Ginocchio GF, Klaiman M, Dell E, Puchalski Ritchie LM, Landes M, Hulme J, Garnett M, Alsefaou A, Fremes E, Girdler H, McKnight, A. Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of point of care testing for HIV in the emergency department: A mixed-methods study. Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Conference. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. May 2023. (Oral Presentation)
17. Landes M and Hulme J. Closing the gap in access to HIV testing: Implementation and outcomes of a protocol for rapid HIV testing in the Emergency Department. Research Academic Day, Divisions of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. May 17, 2023. (Oral Presentation)
18. Landes M. Why You Should Care About HIV in your ED. North York General Emergency Medicine Update. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. April 26, 2023. (Oral Presentation)

ABSTRACTS

1. Ginocchio G, Hulme J, Dell E, Fedorovsky T, Janes K, Bossin B, Girdler H, Somers A. Prescribing cellular phones to patients helps emergency physicians and staff provide care. University of Toronto Journal of Public Health. 2023 Mar 21;4(1).

MEDIA & OPINIONS

1. Debrah EK. Africa Health Collaborative makes case for pre-hospital emergency care. Joy Online. October 19, 2023.
2. Siu C, Rao S, Gajaria A, Hulme J, Hayman K, Alamgir A, Ledwos C. What is the price of human life? Cutting off uninsured is 'irresponsible'. Healthy Debate. June 5, 2023.
3. Balintec V. Ontario extended medical care coverage to uninsured patients during pandemic, but that's ending. CBC News. March 23, 2023.

PUBLICATIONS

1. Bigham BL, Lavelle C, Hulme J, Hayman K. The simulated newsroom: A novel educational innovation to teach advocacy skills to resident physicians. AEM Education and Training. 2022 Aug;6(4):e10790.
2. Xie EC, Chan K, Khangura JK, Koh JJ, Orkin AM, Sheikh H, Hayman K, Gupta S, Kumar T, Hulme J, Mrochuk M. CAEP position statement on improving emergency care for persons experiencing homelessness: executive summary. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2022 Jun;24(4):369-75.
3. Aspler A, Kegel F, Beyene T, Zewdu T, Tesfaye B, McKnight A, Cheung E, Bryan J, Acton C. Establishing a self-sustaining emergency medicine point-of-care ultrasound curriculum in an academic teaching hospital in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences. 2022 May 1;32(3).
4. Siu C, Rao S, Hayman K, Hulme J, Gajaria A. Exploring the perspectives of healthcare providers that care for non-insured individuals utilizing emergency departments in Toronto. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2022 Apr;24(3):283-7.
5. Meshkat N, Fremes E, Burke-Bajaj J, Kebede S, Hunchak C. Perceptions and reflections of early graduates of the first emergency medicine residency program in Ethiopia: a qualitative study. African Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2022 Mar 1;12(1):7-11.

PUBLICATIONS

1. Wiercigroch D, Hoyeck P, Sheikh H, Hulme J. A qualitative examination of the current management of opioid use disorder and barriers to prescribing buprenorphine in a Canadian emergency department. BMC Emergency Medicine. 2021 Dec;21:1-9.
2. Liu M, Salmon M, Zaidi R, Nagdev A, Debebe F, Muller MF, Ruhangaza CF, Emiru H, Belachew Y, Tumebo A, Paoletti M. Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia: feasibility and effectiveness of teaching via telesimulation in Ethiopia. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine. 2021 Aug 1;46(8):722-6.
3. Kazevman G, Mercado M, Hulme J, Somers A. Prescribing phones to address health equity needs in the COVID-19 era: the PHONE-CONNECT program. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021 Apr 6;23(4):e23914.
4. Bryan JM, Beyene T, Kebede S, Kaufman A, Jiru T, Maskalyk J, Landes M, McKnight A, Fremes E, Cheung E. Maintaining a global health partnership during the COVID-19 pandemic: a road map from the Toronto Addis Ababa Academic Collaboration in Emergency Medicine. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2021 Mar;23(2):242-4.
5. Formosa EA, Kishimoto V, Orchanian-Cheff A, Hayman K. Emergency department interventions for homelessness: a systematic review. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2021 Jan;23:111-22.

PRESENTATIONS

1. Landes M. Dr. Megan Landes: Feasible, Accessible, Standard Testing for HIV in the ED. Prevention (PREV) Core session, CIHR Pan-Canadian Network for HIV and STBBI Clinical Trials Research. Virtual. October 2021 (Oral Presentation)

PUBLICATIONS

1. Wright JK, Tan DH, Walmsley SL, Hulme J, O’Connor E, Snider C, Cheng I, Chan AK, Borgundvaag B, McLeod S, Gollob MH. Protecting Frontline Health Care Workers from COVID-19 with Hydroxychloroquine Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled multisite trial in Toronto, Canada. Trials. 2020 Dec;21:1-3.
2. Wiercigroch D, Sheikh H, Hulme J. A rapid access to addiction medicine clinic facilitates treatment of substance use disorder and reduces substance use. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. 2020 Dec;15:1-0.
3. Hulme J, Sheikh H, Xie E, Gatov E, Nagamuthu C, Kurdyak P. Mortality among patients with frequent emergency department use for alcohol-related reasons in Ontario: a population-based cohort study. Cmaj. 2020 Nov 23;192(47):E1522-31.
4. Xie E, Nicolle E, Meshkat N, Landes M. Climate change: an unsustainable development for global health. University of Toronto Medical Journal. 2020 Sep 9;97(2).
5. Dharamsi A, Hayman K, Yi S, Chow R, Yee C, Gaylord E, Tawadrous D, Chartier LB, Landes M. Enhancing departmental preparedness for COVID-19 using rapid-cycle in-situ simulation. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2020 Aug 1;105(4):604-7.
6. Hoyeck P, Wiercigroch D, Clarke C, Moineddin R, Sheikh H, Hulme J. Understanding current practice of opioid use disorder management in emergency departments across Canada: a cross-sectional study. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2020 Jul;22(4):494-8.

PRESENTATIONS

1. Nowacki A, Kebede S, Thompson M, McKnight A, Azazh A, Puchalski Ritchie L. The Addis Ababa Toxicology Curriculum Project: Educational needs assessment for the toxicology modules of an Emergency Medicine Training Program. Richard K Reznick Wilson Centre Virtual Research Week. Virtual Presentation. October 2020. (Poster Presentation)
2. Acton C, Dell E, Hayman K. Education innovation: Equity, Diversity, Advocacy and Cultural Safety (EDACS) curriculum. Poster accepted to the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Conference 2020.
3. Bigham B, Lavelle C, Hulme J, Hayman K. The simulated newsroom: a novel educational intervention to teach advocacy skills to resident physicians. Poster accepted to the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Conference 2020.
4. Stefan RA, Maskalyk J, Puchalski Ritchie L, Salmon M, Landes M. Development of Canadian Global Health Emergency Medicine (GHEM) certificate program based on best practices. Poster accepted to the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Conference 2020.
5. Wiercigroch D, Hulme J, Landes M. Time for a national conversation: Practices and perspectives on HIV testing in Canadian emergency departments. Poster accepted to the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Conference 2020.

PUBLICATIONS

1. Puchalski Ritchie LM, Debebe F, Azazh A. Barriers to and facilitators of the development and utilization of context appropriate evidence based clinical algorithms to optimize clinical care and patient outcomes in the Tikur Anbessa emergency department: a multi-component qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research. 2019 Dec;19:1-9.
2. McDonald M, Lavelle C, Wen M, Sherbino J, Hulme J. The state of health advocacy training in postgraduate medical education: a scoping review. Medical education. 2019 Dec;53(12):1209-20.
3. Collier A, Marton G, Chun S, Nijssen-Jordan C, Bartels SA, Pulfrey S, Lang E, Schull M, Landes M, Johnson K. CAEP 2018 Academic Symposium: Recommendations for developing and supporting Global Emergency Medicine in Canadian academic emergency departments and divisions. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2019 Sep;21(5):600-6.
4. Laytin AD, Azazh A, Girma B, Debebe F, Beza L, Seid H, Landes M, Wytsma J, Reynolds TA. Mixed methods process evaluation of pilot implementation of the African Federation for Emergency Medicine trauma data project protocol in Ethiopia. African journal of emergency medicine. 2019 Jan 1;9:S28-31.

PUBLICATIONS

1. Meshkat N, Teklu S, Hunchak C, TAAAC-EM and the Global Health Emergency Medicine (GHEM) organization at the Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto. Design and Implementation of a postgraduate curriculum to support Ethiopia's first emergency medicine residency training program: the Toronto Addis Ababa Academic Collaboration in Emergency Medicine (TAAAC-EM). BMC medical education. 2018 Dec;18:1-8.
2. Aziz A, Dar P, Hughes F, Solorzano C, Muller MM, Salmon C, Salmon M, Benfield N. Cassava flour slurry as a low‐cost alternative to commercially available gel for obstetrical ultrasound: a blinded non‐inferiority trial comparison of image quality. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2018 Aug;125(9):1179-84.
3. Hunchak C, Landes M, Maskalyk J, Puchalski Ritchie L, Salmon M. Establishment of the Global Health Emergency Medicine organization at the University of Toronto to facilitate academic careers in global health for faculty and residents. CAEP Feature Education Innovations (FEI). 2018.

BOOK

1. Maskalyk J. Life on the Ground Floor. Anchor Canada; 2018.

PRESENTATIONS

1. Lavelle C, Hulme J, McDonald M. The state of advocacy in postgraduate medical education: a literature review. Divisions of Emergency Medicine Research & Academic Day, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. May 2018.

MEDIA

1. Maskalyk, J. I Told His Mother That He Wasn't Alone, He Wasn't Afraid And He Was Loved. Huffington Post Canada. Feb 2018.

PUBLICATIONS

1. Landes M, Venugopal R, Berman S, Heffernan S, Maskalyk J, Azazh A. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcomes of head injured patients in an Ethiopian emergency centre. African journal of emergency medicine. 2017 Sep 1;7(3):130-4.
2. Stachura M, Landes M, Aklilu F, Venugopal R, Hunchak C, Berman S, Maskalyk J, Sarrazin J, Kebede T, Azazh A. Evaluation of a point-of-care ultrasound scan list in a resource-limited emergency centre in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. African Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2017 Sep 1;7(3):118-23.
3. Zewdie A, Debebe F, Azazh A, Salmon M, Salmon C. A survey of emergency medicine and orthopaedic physicians’ knowledge, attitude, and practice towards the use of peripheral nerve blocks. African Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2017 Jun 1;7(2):79-83.
4. Kuipers M, Eapen A, Lockwood J, Berman S, Vaillancourt S, Maskalyk J, Azazh A, Landes M. Examining critical factors affecting graduate retention from an emergency training program in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a qualitative study of stakeholder perspectives. Canadian Medical Education Journal. 2017 Apr 20;8(2):e61.
5. Tubman M, Maskalyk J, Mackinnon D, Venugopal R, Fremes E, Ritchie LM, Azazh A, Landes M. Tackling challenges of global health electives: resident experiences of a structured and supervised medicine elective within an existing global health partnership. Canadian Medical Education Journal. 2017 Apr 20;8(2):e4.
6. Salmon M, Landes M, Hunchak C, Paluku J, Kalisya LM, Salmon C, Muller MM, Wachira B, Mangan J, Chhaganlal K, Kalanzi J. Getting it right the first time: defining regionally relevant training curricula and provider core competencies for point-of-care ultrasound education on the African continent. Annals of emergency medicine. 2017 Feb 1;69(2):218-26.

PRESENTATIONS

1. Hunchak C, Puchalski Ritchie LM, Salmon M, Maskalyk J, Landes M. Not a hobby anymore: Establishment of the Global Health Emergency Medicine organization at the University of Toronto to facilitate academic careers in global health for faculty and residents. Canadian Association of Emergency Medicine (CAEP) Conference 2017. Whistler, British Columbia, Canada. June 2017.

MEDIA

1. Ahmed-Ullah, N. Strengthening international partnerships: U of T President Meric Gertler in Rwanda and Ethiopia. U of T News. Nov 2017.
2. Lavelle, C. How Ontario is failing to help stop opioid deaths. Maclean's. Nov 2017.
3. Picard, A. James Maskalyk's Life on the Ground Floor, reviewed: Why emergency medicine is the great equalizer. The Globe and Mail. April 2017.
4. Maskalyk, J. Patients after midnight: One night in a Toronto ER. Toronto Star. April 2017.
5. Maskalyk, J. Addiction to prescription opiates is almost always a symptom of deeper suffering. The Globe and Mail. March 2017.

PUBLICATIONS

1. Debebe F, Woldetsadik A, Laytin AD, Azazh A, Maskalyk J. The clinical profile and acute care of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury at a tertiary care emergency centre in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. African Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2016 Dec 1;6(4):180-4.

PRESENTATIONS

1. Landes M. Examining global health partnerships: TAAAC-EM. Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. December 2016. (Oral Presentation)
2. Puchalski Ritchie LM, Azazh A, Berman S, Debebe F, Straus SE. Challenges and opportunities to the development and utilization of context appropriate evidence based clinical algorithms in the Tikur Anbessa Emergency Department, Ethiopia. 4th Global Symposium on Health Systems Research. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Nov 2016.

MEDIA

1. Puchalski Ritchie L. Canadian Doctors Seek to Improve Emergency Health Care in Ethiopia. Huffington Post. Nov 2016.

PUBLICATIONS

1. Salmon M, Salmon C, Bissinger A, Muller MM, Gebreyesus A, Geremew H, Wendell S, Azaza A, Salumu M, Benfield N. Alternative ultrasound gel for a sustainable ultrasound program: application of human centered design. PloS one. 2015 Aug 7;10(8):e0134332.
2. Hunchak C, Waji ST, Meshkat N, Meaney C, Ritchie LP. Patterns and predictors of early mortality in the Tikur Anbessa hospital emergency department in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a prospective study. Annals of Global Health. 2015 Mar 12;81(1):204-5.
3. Azazh A, Teklu S, Woldetsadi A, Seyoum N, Geremew H, Busse H, Tefera G, Wubben R, Rankin P, Tupesis JP, Maskalyk J. Emergency medicine and its development in Ethiopia with emphasis on the role of Addis Ababa University, School of Medicine, Emergency Medicine Department. Ethiopian Medical Journal. 2014 Jul 1:1-2.
4. Maskalyk J, Landes M. The Toronto-Addis Ababa academic collaboration: emergency medicine. Ethiopian Medical Journal. 2014 Jul 1:45-8.
5. Teklu S, Azazh A, Seyoum N, Woldetsadik A, Tupesis JP, Wubben R, Hunchak C, Meshkat N, Tefera G, Maskalyk J. Development and implementation of an emergency medicine graduate training program at Addis Ababa University School of Medicine: challenges and successes. Ethiopian medical journal. 2014 Jul 1:13-9. https://cutt.ly/rxJv39d
6. Meshkat N, Misra S, Hunchak C, Cleiman P, Khan Y, Ritchie LM. Knowledge gaps in the diagnosis and management of patients with tropical diseases presenting to Canadian emergency departments: are the gaps being met?. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2014 Nov;16(6):458-66.
7. Nowacki AK, Landes M, Azazh A, Ritchie LM. A review of published literature on emergency medicine training programs in low-and middle-income countries. International Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2013 Dec;6(1):1-0.
8. Maskalyk J, Landes M, Azaj A, Teklu S, Letovsky E, Schull MJ. Development of emergency medicine in Ethiopia. CJEM: Journal of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians. 2012;14(4):211.

MEDIA

1. UHN Teaching the World. UHN Toronto. Sept 2012.